During non-radar operations, how must all aircraft be cleared?

Clearing aircraft during non-radar operations requires adherence to established procedures to ensure safety and maintain a structured flow of air traffic. The correct method involves utilizing radials of NAVAIDs (Navigational Aids) or routing through established airways. This approach is essential in non-radar environments because it relies on precise navigational aids that provide guidance to pilots, allowing them to maintain their intended flight paths without the benefit of radar guidance.

Using radials from NAVAIDs means that aircraft can be directed based on specific magnetic bearings, which enhances situational awareness and safety. Airways are predetermined routes that offer structured paths for aircraft, ensuring they remain organized and separated from one another, significantly reducing the risk of conflicts and enhancing safety.

Other options may suggest navigation techniques that are helpful, but they do not align with the structured procedure needed during non-radar operations. For instance, vectors to the final approach require radar monitoring for effective execution, while visual routes and GPS waypoint navigation may not provide the necessary precision or separation that NAVAIDs and established airways can guarantee in this context. Therefore, the use of radials and established airways ultimately supports a safer and more efficient flight operation during non-radar conditions.